Depression is a common but serious mood disorder that affects how a person feels, thinks, and handles daily activities. It goes beyond occasional sadness or temporary emotional responses and can persist for weeks, months, or even years. Rooted in a combination of biological, psychological, and environmental factors, depression can disrupt one's ability to function and experience joy. It's important to understand that depression is a medical condition—not a personal weakness—and it is treatable with the right support and care.

Symptoms of depression can vary from person to person but often include persistent sadness, loss of interest in activities once enjoyed, changes in appetite or weight, sleep disturbances, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of death or suicide. These symptoms can interfere with relationships, work, and daily functioning. Recognizing these symptoms and seeking help can begin the path toward healing

Baby Blues Symptoms

Numerous women get what is commonly known as the baby blues — a mild, brief bout of depression — within a few days of giving birth. This is completely normal, and for many women, the baby blues go away in a few days. If your baby blues don’t go away, and you continue to experience these feelings for longer than 2 weeks, you may have postpartum depression.

Postpartum Psychosis

Postpartum psychosis (which is sometimes called puerperal psychosis or postnatal psychosis) is very different from the baby blues. Symptoms usually start suddenly within the first 2 weeks after giving birth, and can include delusions or hallucinations. Postpartum psychosis is a severe form of postpartum depression and requires emergency medical attention. Please contact your doctor immediately or call 911 if you or a loved one are experiencing symptoms of psychosis.

Postpartum Depression In New Fathers

Postpartum depression isn’t just something new mothers can get. It can affect new fathers too. One in ten dads get postpartum depression, and up to 18% develop a generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or post-traumatic stress disorder at some point during pregnancy or in the first year postpartum. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), this rate can increase to 50% when the mother also has postpartum depression.

Depression is highly treatable, and a range of effective options are available. Treatments include psychotherapy (such as cognitive-behavioral therapy), medications like antidepressants may be needed, or a combination of both. Lifestyle changes—like regular exercise, a healthy diet, and good sleep hygiene—can also support recovery. In some cases, other treatments may be recommended, such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Working closely with a healthcare provider helps tailor the right approach for each individual.

If feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or emptiness last for more than two weeks and begin to affect your daily life, it’s time to talk to a healthcare provider. Seeking help is not a sign of weakness—it’s a courageous step toward understanding and managing your health. Immediate support should be sought if there are thoughts of self-harm or suicide. Early intervention can prevent symptoms from worsening and promote a stronger recovery.

Supporting someone with depression can make a meaningful difference in their recovery. Be patient, listen without judgment, and gently encourage them to seek professional help. Avoid offering simple solutions or minimizing their feelings; instead, reassure them that they’re not alone and that help is available. Taking care of your own emotional well-being is also important, as caregiving can be challenging. Compassion, consistency, and informed support can offer powerful hope to those struggling.